################ ### PRVI CAS ### ################ ############# # HISTOGRAM # ############# data(airquality) hist(airquality$Temp) # granice histograma broj_kat <- ceiling(log(length(airquality$Temp),2))+1 d <- (max(airquality$Temp)-min(airquality$Temp))/broj_kat granice <- min(airquality$Temp)-1/2+(0:broj_kat)*(d+1) hist(airquality$Temp, breaks=granice, prob=TRUE) attach(airquality) hist(Temp, col = "darkmagenta", freq = FALSE) # Koliko je procentualno temperatura bila manja od 70? Veca od 90? H <- hist(Temp, prob=TRUE, plot=FALSE) cumsum(H$density*diff(H$breaks)) # 21.57% ; 9.15% hist(Temp, col = "darkmagenta", freq = FALSE, breaks = seq(50,110,5)) lines(density(Temp)) hist(Ozone, col = "magenta", freq = FALSE) hist(Ozone, col = "magenta", freq = FALSE, breaks = seq(0,180,5)) lines(density(na.omit(Ozone))) hist(Solar.R, col = "pink3") hist(Solar.R, col = "pink3", freq = FALSE, breaks = seq(0,360,50)) lines(density(na.omit(Solar.R))) hist(Wind, col = "lightblue") hist(Wind, col = "lightblue", freq = FALSE, breaks = seq(0,22,2)) lines(density(Wind)) detach(airquality) attach(faithful) hist(eruptions, breaks = seq(1.4, 5.2, 0.2), prob = T, col = "orange") lines(density(eruptions)) detach(faithful) #################### # TABELARNI PRIKAZ # #################### mtcars ?mtcars summary(mtcars) mtcars$cyl <- as.factor(mtcars$cyl) mtcars$vs <- as.factor(mtcars$vs) mtcars$am <- as.factor(mtcars$am) mtcars$gear <- as.factor(mtcars$gear) mtcars$carb <- as.factor(mtcars$carb) summary(mtcars) table(mtcars$carb) table(mtcars$am) table(mtcars$am, mtcars$cyl) table(mtcars$carb, mtcars$cyl) ##################### # TRAKASTI DIJAGRAM # ##################### barplot(table(mtcars$carb), col = "deepskyblue", main = "Broj karburatora") barplot(table(mtcars$carb, mtcars$cyl), col = rainbow(6), main = "Broj karburatora u zavisnosti od broja cilindara", xlab = "broj cilindara") barplot(t(table(mtcars$carb, mtcars$cyl)), col = c("deeppink", "darkviolet","limegreen"), main = "Broj cilindara u zavisnosti od broja karburatora", xlab = "broj karburatora") barplot(t(table(mtcars$carb, mtcars$cyl)), beside = TRUE, main = "Broj cilindara u zavisnosti od broja karburatora", xlab = "broj karburatora") ################### # KRUZNI DIJAGRAM # ################### pie.sales <- c(0.12, 0.3, 0.26, 0.16, 0.04, 0.12) names(pie.sales) <- c("Blueberry", "Cherry", "Apple", "Boston Cream", "Other", "Vanilla") pie(pie.sales, main = "Obicna pitica") pie(pie.sales, col = gray(seq(0.4, 0.9, length = 6)), clockwise = TRUE, main = "Nijanse sive") pie(pie.sales, col = rainbow(6), clockwise = TRUE, main = "Boje duge") ########################### # Deskriptivne statistike # ########################### ### MERE POLOZAJA # 1. srednja vrednost - mean() # 2. medijana - meadian() # 3. moda ### MERE RASEJANJA # 1. raspon populacije - diff(range()) # 2. disperzija (varijansa) - var() # 3. standardno odstupanje - sd() # 4. medjukvantilno rastojanje - quantile() attach(mtcars) hist(mpg, main = "Potrosnja goriva", col = "aquamarine") hist(mpg, prob = TRUE, main = "Potrosnja goriva", col = "aquamarine") lines(density(mpg), col = "red", lwd = 2) mean(mpg) median(mpg) diff(range(mpg)) var(mpg) sd(mpg) quantile(mpg) plot(mpg) abline(mean(mpg), 0, col = "pink", lwd = 3) ### hist(hp, main = "Konjska snaga", col = "cyan") hist(hp, prob = TRUE, main = "Konjska snaga", col = "cyan", breaks = seq(45,350,10)) hist(hp, prob = TRUE, main = "Konjska snaga", col = "cyan", breaks = seq(45,350,20)) hist(hp, prob = TRUE, main = "Konjska snaga", col = "cyan") lines(density(hp), col = "red", lwd = 2) mean(hp) median(hp) diff(range(hp)) var(hp) sd(hp) quantile(hp) plot(hp) abline(mean(hp), 0, col = "pink", lwd = 3) detach(mtcars) ########### # BOXPLOT # ########### boxplot(mtcars$mpg, main = "Potrosnja goriva", col = "aquamarine") points(mean(mtcars$mpg), col = 'red', pch = 16) boxplot(mtcars$hp, main = "Konjska snaga", col = "cyan") points(mean(mtcars$hp), col = 'red', pch = 16) boxplot(mtcars$mpg ~ mtcars$vs, main = "Potrosnja goriva u zavisnosti od vrste motora" , col ="lightblue2") boxplot(mtcars$mpg ~ mtcars$am, main = "Potrosnja goriva u zavisnosti od vrste menjaca" , col = "lightblue")